一、教法建议

【抛砖引玉】

    单元双基学习目标

    Ⅰ. 词汇学习

    thousand , satellite , universe , man - made , space , spaceship , programme = program, knowledge , develop, enjoyable , channel , so far , send up , with one‘ help

    Ⅱ. 句型结构

    How many kilometres by train is it from Nanjing to Wuhan ?

    How far away is Sydney from Beijing ?

    Satellites are used by people for sending and receiving messages .

    Which channel is the programme on ?

    Ⅲ . 语法学习

    1. 一般现在时，一般过去时及含有情态动词的被动语态。

    2. 简单构词法：合成法，派生法。

【指点迷津】

    单元重点词汇点拨

    1. thousand 千

    He had at least two thousand books .

    There were thousands of people there .

    〖点拨〗thousand 前如有数词修饰，则 thousand 不加 s , 如加了 s 后必带 of 补语。

    2. satellite 卫星

    The moon is a satellite of the earth .

    man - made satellite 人造卫星

    3. universe 宇宙

    There are a lot of wonderful things in the universe .

    4. man - made 人造的；人工的

    There is a man - made lake in the centre of the city .

    5. space 空间；太空；空地

    Between the earth and the moon there is nothing but empty space . 地球和月亮之间只有茫茫太空。

    Is there any space for another bed in the room ? 房间里还有空地方放张床吗 ?

    Put this chair in the space between the two tables . 将这把椅子放在两张桌子之间。

    Leave a space after the word . 在那个单词后面留个空。

    〖点拨〗space 当“太空”讲时，其前一般不用冠词，但被其他形容词修饰时可用 the。如：In the dark space .

    6. spaceship 宇宙飞船

    He is the man who first stepped out of the spaceship on the moon . 他是第一个在月球上走出宇宙飞船的人。

    I want to travel in spaceship one day . 我希望有一天我会乘宇宙飞船去太空旅行。

    7. programme 节目，演出节目程序

    What is your favourite television programme ?

    Did you see that programme on animals ? 你看过动物 ( 世界 ) 那个节目吗 ?

    The programme was a great success . 演出很成功。

    〖点拨〗programme 的另一拼法为 program .

    8. knowledge 知识；学问；熟悉

    English is a bridge to so much knowledge .

    Knowledge is power . 知识就是力量。

    We are learning knowledge in school .

    My knowledge of French is poor . 我的法语知识很差。

    He has a good knowledge of London . 他对伦敦的情况很熟悉。

    〖点拨〗下面单词中的k 不发音：know 知道，了解；known 知名的。又如：knock 敲，打；knife 小刀；knee 膝盖

    9. develop 发展，开发；产生 ( 动词 )

    The city has developed into the centre of industry . 该城市已发展成为工业中心。

    Her friendship with Jane developed slowly .

    〖点拨〗developing 发展中的，developed 发达的。

    China is a developing country while Japan is a developed one .

    10 . enjoyable 愉快的；有趣的

    It is an enjoyable holiday .

    Swimming in this beautiful lake is enjoyable .

    〖点拨〗同义词为：pleasant .

    11. channel 频道

    Did you enjoy the TV play shown on Channel 2 last night ? 你喜欢昨晚二频道的那个电视剧吗 ?

    You can always find your favourite TV programme on channel 1 . 在一频道你总能找到你喜欢的节目。

    〖点拨〗在第……频道常用介词 on。

    单元词组思维运用

    1. talk about 谈论……

    Talk about this picture , and ask a friend questions about it .

    Mrs Green is talking about getting ready for Christmas .

    When we talk about the universe , we mean the earth , the sun , the moon and the stars , and the space between them . 当我们谈到宇宙的时候，我们指的是地球、太阳、月亮、星星以及它们之间的太空。

    2. so far 到目前为止 ( 常与完成时态连用 )

    So far , no man has travelled farther than the moon . 直到现在，还没有人旅行到比月球更远的地方。

    So far he has done very well at school . 到目前为止，他在学校学习得很好。

    They haven’t seen each other so far .

    3. send up 发射

    Man - made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries . 许多国家都向空间发射了人造卫星。

    Many countries have sent up man - made satellites to go round the earth . 许多国家已经发射了人造卫星环绕地球运行。

    China sent up its first man - made satellite into space in 1970 . 1970年，中国向空间发射了它的第一颗人造卫星。

    注意：send it / them up

    4. make a telephone call to 打电话 ( 给某人 )

    We can also use satellites to help us make telephone calls to foreign countries . 我们还可以用人造卫星帮助我们向外国打电话。

    Half the world‘s telephone calls are made in English .

    Don’t forget to make a telephone call to him .

    5. all the time 一直；始终；总是

    They are swimming all the time .

    Our knowledge of the universe is growing all the time . 我们对宇宙的了解不断地在增长。

    6. knowledge of 对…的了解

    I have no knowledge of his life . 我对于他的生活一点也不了解。

    She has a good knowledge of cooking . 她很懂得烹调。

    7. be on 上演，电视演出

    What‘s on tonight ? 今晚演什么节目 ?

    What’s on at the Capital Cinema ? 首都电影院在演什么 ?

    8. put up 举起；贴

    Put up your hands if you have any questions .

    She put up a picture on the wall .

    9. put away 把……收起来放好

    It‘s time for our English class , Please put away your other books . 现在该上英语课了，请你们把其它的书收起来。

    10. land on 登陆，着陆；降落在

    We landed on the island .

    11. with one’s help = with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下

    With the teacher‘s help , she’s learned English well .

    For example , with their help China can send its TV and radio programmes to the other side of the world . 例如，借助它们 ( 人造卫星 ) ，中国可以把电视和无线电节目播送到地球的另一边。

    12. on time 准时，按时 in time及时，迟早

    The plane landed at the airport on time .

    We go to bed on time as well as we get up .

    They were in time for the train .

    13. be about 关于

    What was the programme about ?

    It was about the Great Green wall . 节目的内容是关于绿色长城的事。

二、学海导航

【学法指要】

    单元难点疑点思路明晰

    1. How many . . . ( by . . . ) is it from . . . to . . .

       How many kilometres by train is it from Beijing to Shanghai ?

       这是一个问两地距离的句型。it 代表距离，from . . . to 表示“从某处到某处”。

       How many kilometres by air is it from Shanghai to Beijing ?

       from . . . to . . . 表示“从……到……”

       The story was interesting from beginning to end .

    注意：在75课中，也有一种询问距离的句型，它不是具体地问有多少公里，而是问“有多远”。句中直接用地名作主语，不用 it 作形式主语。如：

    — How far away is Sydney from Beijing ? 悉尼离北京有多远 ?

    — Sydney is 10 , 400 kilometres away from Beijing . 悉尼离北京是10，400公里远。

    这个句型中的“be . . . away”是“有……远”。又如：

    The shop is only a few minutes‘ walk away .

    How far away is your school from here ?

    2. Man - made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries . 许多国家都向空中发射了人造卫星。

    本句中 have been sent up 是现在完成时的被动语态。又如：

    A new school has been opened in my home town . 我的家乡开办了一所新的学校。

    3. I don’t think any of them is interesting . 我认为它们中哪个也没有趣。

    其中 any of them is interesting 是宾语从句。think 等动词后面的宾语从句，要想表示否定意义时，要否定主语的谓语动词。如：

    I don‘t think he is a teacher . 我认为他不是老师。

    4. There must be something wrong with the TV . 这台电视机一定出了毛病。

    There be sth . wrong with …出了毛病

    如：There was something wrong with the bike yesterday . 这辆自行车昨天出了毛病。

    5. Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away . 许多星星人们看不见，因为他们太遥远了。

    can not 在口语中常略为 can’t。也可写成一个单词，即句中的 cannot。

    6. The moon travels round the earth . 月亮绕着地球转。

    (1) 句中的 travels 即为 moves , travel 常意为“旅行”。例如：

    The foreigner has travelled around the whole world . 这位外国人游历了全世界。

    (2) round 与 around 的用法：

    round 有“环绕”之意，与它连用的动词带有活动性。例如：

    The birds flew round the hill . 鸟儿在那座山周转盘旋飞翔。

    around 指“围绕”，与它连用的动词带有静止性。例如：

    They sat around the round table . 他们围坐在圆桌旁。

    7. It is quite near us in space . 在太空，月球离我们相当近。

    It 在此指 the moon。

    句中的 near 为介词。in space 意为“在空间”，“在太空”，space 前不可用冠词。

    8. … , and it has been visited by man already . …，人类已去过月球。

    (1) has been visited 为现在完成时的被动语态。

    (2) 句中的 man 意为“人”，“人类”。例如：

    Man is a tool - making animal . 人是制造工具的动物。

    9. So far , no man has travelled farther than the moon . 到目前为止，没有人去过比月球更远的地方。

    so far 意为“到现在为止”，句中须用现在完成。例如：

    So far we‘ve learned about seven hundred English words . 到目前为止，我们学了大约700个英语单词。

    10. Man - made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries . 许多国家都向空中发射了人造卫星。

    (1) have been sent up 为现在完成时的被动语态。

    (2) send up “发射”。例如：

    As soon as you get to the top of the hill , send up a red flare . 你们一到达山顶，马上发射一颗红色信号弹。

    11. …and help us to learn more about the earth , …to help us make telephone calls… ……帮助我们更多地了解地球，……帮助我们打电话……

    (1) 上面两句中的宾语 us 后都是动词不定式作宾语补足语。当句中谓语动词是 help 时，作宾语补足语的动词不定式既可用 to，也可不用 to。

    (2) 当句中的谓语动词是使役动词 make , let , have 或感观动词 see , look , watch , hear , listen 等词时，后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不用 to。例如：

    Who made you do this ? 谁让你做这的 ?

    We saw him come out of the room . 我们看见他走出房间。

    I often listen to her sing popular songs . 我常听她唱流行歌曲。

    12. Our knowledge of the universe is growing all the time . 我们对宇宙的认识一直在增长。

    (1) all the time “一直；始终”。例如：

    That student didn’t listen to his teacher in class . He talked all the time .

    They were laughing all the time .

    (2) 句中的 knowledge 意为“了解”，“认识”。例如：

    We don‘t think they have got enough knowledge of this new city .

    (3) knowledge 常作“知识”用。例如：

    Book knowledge comes from practice . 书本知识来自实践。

    13. But thanks to satellites , the world itself is becoming a much smaller place… 然而由于太空人造卫星，这世界本身正变得越来越小……

    (1) 句中的 inself 是反身代词，起强调语气的作用，如果不用，此句仍然完整正确。

    I did this myself . ( 或：I myself did this . ) 这是我亲自做的。

    (2) 当动作的承受者变为动作的发出者时，句中的宾语用反身代词，此时再不是前面所谈到的“强调”作用。因此，这时的反身代词在句中不可略去。例如：

    I teach myself French . 我自学法语。 ( 即：我教我自己 )

    14. —Which channel is it on ? 哪个频道有好的电视节目 ?

        —It is usually found on Channel 1 . 1频道经常可看到好的电视节目。

    (1) 句中的 it 指文中前句中的 our favourite TV programme。

    (2) It is usually found 为一般现在时的被动语态。

    15. Older people must be spoken to politely . 对老人讲话必须要有礼貌。

    比较主动语态：We must speak to older people politely . 很明显，older people 是介词 to 的宾语，当用被动语态表达时，older people 提到句首，介词 to 则保留在原处。请看下列句子：

    Our teacher must be listened to carefully . ( You must listen to your teacher carefully . )

    This kind of things is often talked about . ( People often talk about this kind of things . )

    16. 同义词 between 与 among 的区别

    这两个介词都表示“在……之间 ( 中 ) ”，但 between 指两者之间，among 指三个或三个以上之间。如：

    She was sitting between John and Mary .

    She was sitting among a crowd of children .

    There is a little river between the two countries .两国之间有一条小河。

    There is a little house among the trees . 树丛之中有一所小房子。

    The song is very popular among young people . 这首歌在青年之中很流行。

    I’ll see you between 2∶30 and 3∶30 . 我在两点半至三点半钟之间来看你。

    17. as…as…的用法

    ①如果我们说两个东西在某方面是一样的，我们就可用 as + 形容词 ( 或副词 ) + as . 如：

    It‘s as cold as ice . 它像冰一样冷。

    I shall work as hard as possible .

    I would like to see him as soon as possible . 我想尽早见到他。

    Water it well . as often as possible . 请尽可能经常地好好给它浇水。

    ②如果涉及数量，我们可用 as much…as… 或 as many…as…，或在 much , many 后面加一个名词。如：

    Polly is trying to learn English , Please speak to her in English as much as possible every day . 波莉(鸟)正在努力学习英语，请尽可能与它多讲英语。

    Take as much as you need . 你需要多少就拿多少。

    We need as many records as possible . 我们需要尽量多地弄到一些唱片。

    〖注意〗much 后面接不可数名词。many 后面接可数名词。

    18. 同义词 say , speak , talk 和 tell 的区别：

    (1) say ( 说，讲 ) ，指以口头或书面语言表达思想，着重于所讲的内容。可用于直接引语或间接引语。如：

    What did you want to say ? 你想要说些什么 ?

    It is said in the newspaper that we’re going to have a cold winter . 据报上说，今年冬天将很冷。

    (2) speak ( 讲话，讲演 ) ，着重说话的动作，指开口说或连续不断地说，不强调所说的内容。还常指讲外语的能力。另外，打电话时只用 speak。如：

    Who‘s going to speak at today’s meeting ? 今天的会上谁发言 ?

    Can you speak English ? 你能说英语吗 ?

    May I speak to Kate , Please ? ( 打电话用语 ) 请找凯特讲话，好吗 ?

    (3) talk ( 说，讲，谈话 ) ，与 speak 意义较近，但不如 speak 正式。talk 更常指与人交谈，或个人单方面的谈话。如：

    He talks too much . 他说得太多了。

    What were they talking about ? 他们在谈些什么 ?

    People are beginning to talk about her . 人们开始在议论她。

    (4) tell (告诉，讲)，多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人。除直接接truth(真话)，joke(笑话) lie (谎言)，story(故事)，news (消息) 等外，必须接双宾语。有时还有嘱咐、辨别、识别之义。如：

    He is telling a story . 他在讲故事。

    I can‘t tell one from another . 我不能把两者区别开来。

【妙文赏析】

    Balzac as Handwriting Expert

    Balzac , the famous French writer , was a man of great talent . But he himself was proud of his ability to tell a person’s character by his or her handwriting . He often told his friends that he could tell anybody‘s character exactly by his handwriting .

    One day a woman friend brought him a young boy’s exercise book . She said that she wanted to know what Balzac thought of the boy‘s character .

    Balzac studied the handwriting carefully for a few minutes . The woman , however , told him that the boy was not her son and that he might tell her the truth .

    “All right , ”said Balzac . “I shall tell you the truth . The boy is a bad , lazy fellow . ”

    “It is very strange , ”said the woman smiling . “This is a page from your own exercise book , which you used when you were a boy . ”

【思维体操】

    请你认真思考回答下面七个问题：

    Questions：

    1. What has a tongue but can’t talk ?

    2. What has a ear but can‘t hear ?

    3. What has a head but can’t think ?

    4. What has a foot but can‘t walk ?

    5. What’s the best thing to take when you‘re rundown ?

    6. What stays hot even if put in a refrigerator ?

    7. What is the best year for a kangaroo ?

    答案：Ⅰ . 1 . An envelope 2 . An ear of corn 3 . A nail 4 . A bed 5 . The licence number of the car that hit you . 6 . Pepper 7 . Leap year

三、智能显示

【心中有数】

    单元语法发散思维

    短语动词的被动语态

    通常只有及物动词才有被动语态，但有些短语动词在意义上相当于及物动词，所以也有被动语态句型。短语动词在主动语态中是一个不可分割的词组，在被动语态中也是如此，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。如76课中有：

    Older people must be spoken to politely . ( 被动语态 )

    We must speak to older people politely . ( 主动语态 )

    其中 older people 是介词 to 的宾语。当主动语态变成被动语态时，older people 放在句首，而介词 to 仍保留在原处。又如：

    We have sent for the doctor . 我们派人请医生去了。

    The doctor has been sent for . 已经派人请医生去了。

    单元各项要点归纳

    ※ 有关购物方面的交际用语

    (1) 店员招呼顾客：

    Can I help you ? / What can I do for you ? 你想买点什么 ( 东西 ) ?

    (2) 顾客告诉店员要买什么：

    I need…/ I want… / I want to buy / get… ( sth . ) / I’d like to buy / get… ( sth . ) / Would you let me have a look at… ?

    (3) 店员询问顾客想买什么：

    What / How about… ? / Which would / do you like ? / What kind would you like to see ?

    (4) 挑选商品，谈论商品的尺寸、大小和颜色：

    It‘s too small / large ./ It’s not large enough . / I don‘t like the colour . / The colour is too dark / light . / May I try it on ? / Try on , please .

    (5) 关于价格：

    How much is it ? / How much , please ? / How much does it cost ? / It costs too much . / It’s… ( money ) / It‘s too much / expensive . / It’s not cheap enough . / That‘s all right . I’ll take it .

    2. 有关问路方面的用语及其应答

    (1) Excuse me , can you tell me the way to… ? / Excuse me , how can I get to… ? / Excuse me,where is…?

    (2) Go along/down/up this road . / Go across the bridge / the street . / Turn left/right at the first/second crossing . /You‘ll find…on the left / right . / It’s between…and… . You can‘t miss it .

    3. 表示命令、请求和指示的祈使句

    Do sth . , please . / Don’t do sth . , please .

    4. 询问某物由什么制成

    What‘s it made of ? / It’s made of…

    5. 询问某物的产地

    Where is it made / produced / grown ? /It‘s made / produced / grown in…

    6. 询问某物的用途

    What is it used for ? / It’s used for…

    7. 表示物体的长 / 高 / 宽 / 深的句型

    Sth . is…long / high / wide / deep .

【动手动脑】

    单元能力立体检测

    Ⅰ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空：

    1. Have you got ____ to eat ? ( something )

    2. The doctor said that his mother needed an ____ . ( operate )

    3. If you study hard , your ____ will grow . ( know )

    4. The bike hit the truck and the man got ____ hurt . ( bad )

    5. What do Mr Green say about ____ to England ? ( travel )

    Ⅱ. 单项选择

    1. Ask ____ to help you .

    　A. anybody else     B. else anybody      C. somebody else     D. else somebody

    2. It‘s a bit cool here , You’d better ____ your coat .

    　A. not take off     B. not to take off      C. don‘t take off     D. to not take off

    3. I have been in this school ____ .

      A. for 1989     B. for last gear      C. since 1970     D. by 1985

    4. I have ____ friends here and they often visit me .

　    A. few     B. a few     C. a little     D. much

    5. The earth is ____ the moon .

    　A. as big as     B. not so big as      C. bigger than     D. as bigger as

    6 . Do you remember ____ ?

    　A. how it is done     B. how to do it      C. it how to be done     D. how is it done

    7. This morning I got to school ____ than Li Lei .

    　A. early 20 minutes     B. earlier 20 minutes      C. 20 minutes early     D. 20 minutes earlier

    8. The sick girl ____ to be hospital at once .

      A. must send     B. be must sent      C. must be sent     D. be sent

    9. I will spend ____ on reading the book .

    　A. a hour and a half     B. an hour and a half

    　C. one hour and half     D. hour and one half

    10. How often do you go to the theatre ?

       — ____ .

    　A. Twice a month     B. By car      C. With friends     D. Perhaps Monday

    Ⅲ. 按要求变换下列各句，每空一词，缩写算一词：

    1. Both of the books are interesting . ( 改为否定句 )

       ____ book ____ interesting .

    2. He wrote a letter to his mother last night . ( 改为被动语态 )

       A letter ____ ____ ____ him to his mother last night .

    3. It took me ( half an hour ) to do my homework . ( 就划线部分提问 )

       ____ ____ ____ it ____ you to do your homework ?

    4. I think English is an interesting subjects . ( 改写句子，句意不变 )

       I am very ____ ____ English .

    5. Shanghai is a beautiful city . ( 改为感叹句 )

       ____ ____ ____ city Shanghai is !

    Ⅳ. 根据所给汉语完成下列句子，每空一词

    1. 李雷的父亲不吸烟不喝酒。

       Li Lei’s father ____ drinks ____ smokes .

    2. 因为离我们太远，所以许多星星看不见。

       Many of the stars ____ ____ ____ because they‘re too ____ ____ .

    3. 这个节目通常在3频道播出。

       This programme ____ usually found ____ Channel 3 .

    4. 对我们来说，学好一门外语不容易。

       It’s not easy for us ____ ____ a ____ ____ well .

    5. 许多国家用人造卫星发射和接收信息。

       Many countries use man - made satellites ____ ____ and ____ messages .


    答案：

    Ⅰ. 1. anything     2. operation      3. knowledge     4. badly      5.travelling

    Ⅱ. 1. C     2. A     3. C      4. B     5. C     6. A      7. D     8. C     9. B      10. A

    Ⅲ. 1. Neither…is     2. was written by      3. How long did…take…     4.interested in      5. what a beautiful

    Ⅳ. 1. neither…nor     2. can‘t be seen , far away     3. are , on     4. to learn , foreign language     5. to send , receive

【创新园地】

    请猜出下面四个灯谜的谜底

    (1)Two little brothers

       Live near each other .

       One lives on one side ,

       The other on the other side .

       They hear what you say .

       But they don’t see each other .

       What are they ?

    (2)You have two little windows ,

       Which you open in the morning .

       But you close them at night .

       When a man looks into them ,

       He can see his own face .

       What are they ?

    (3)Thousands in one big family ,

       Are busy every day ,

       Making sweets for others ,

       And giving them away .

       What are they ?

    (4)I have a piece for your ear ,

       And a piece for your mouth .

       You sometimes hear me ringing .

       You can speak to your friends ,

       Although you‘re alone .

       What am I ?

    创新园地答案：1. ears     2. eyes      3. bees     4. telephone

 

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